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Fifty years ago, when I was a child,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], we didn't have money for shoes. We wore something roughly stitched together from the jute of gunny bags. But it was a time of innocence. everyone around was similarly poor so you didn't feel underprivileged. We would skate on the frozen river, break chunks of it and pull out trout for dinner,'' says Phuntsho,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], who sits with a mug of beer on the wide open-air terrace of his hotel in Bumthang,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], central Bhutan, recounting tales from the past to a small group of tourists.
I am in Bhutan as a jury member at the Beskop Tshechu,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the first international documentary and short film festival held in the capital city of Thimphu. It is a welcome break from life in India,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], a country reeling under a series of corruption scandals and cynical disenchantment among people. I am also exploring the day-to-day lives of the Bhutanese to understand what is inherently good in the concept of Gross National Happiness (GNH). The term was coined in 1972 by Bhutan's former king Jigme Singye Wangchuck, who opened Bhutan to modernisation.
The phrase signalled the benevolent king's commitment to building an economy based on Buddhist spiritual values. For instance, education and healthcare are free for all citizens; and as there aren't enough hospitals in Bhutan, the government sponsors surgery or advanced medical treatment abroad for its citizens.
Dago Beda belongs to one of the wealthiest families in Bhutan. She runs the country's foremost travel agency, a school, a cable distribution company, a mall,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and has produced two films in which her younger daughter (the first Miss Bhutan) has acted. She is planning to construct a second mall and says, four pillars of GNH are the promotion of sustainable development, preservation and promotion of cultural values,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], conservation of the natural environment,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and establishment of good governance. We believe development of human society can take place only when material and spiritual development reinforce each other. All proposed economic policies and development plans of the country must pass a GNH review. My plans for the mall had to be similarly scrutinised. In keeping with our ethos, the traffic signal at Thimphu's busiest junction was replaced by a policeman because everyone complained that lights were too impersonal. and rapidly. The first event to shake the kingdom out of its slumber was the arrival of satellite television in 1999. Although the point can be debated, it is believed that crime,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], vandalism and anti-social behaviour till then barely known in Bhutan started to become commonplace. Thimphu residents say they've only recently started locking their doors at night. Government departments report corruption cases, while parents and teachers fume that children are contemptuous of discipline and obsessed with western pop culture.
While aspirations for many have changed thanks to television, a large number of urban Bhutanese have attended college abroad and this exposure often makes them impatient with how things are at home. The biggest challenge the government faces is to offer Bhutan's youth something other than farming rice on terraced hills. Everyone wants to be rich quickly and the choice of a career is determined by that. Even though doctors are needed badly,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], no one wants to study medicine. Too much study, too much hard work, and the possibility of a rural transfer are not attractive.
A graduate of the Film and Television Institute of India in Pune, his films have been screened at various international film festivals and won several awards. Summing up the situation,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], he says, away from an agrarian to a consumer society has widened the gap between haves and the have-nots and is the greatest challenge to GNH. When we were agrarian, a rich farmer would have a few more cows and yaks than the ordinary farmer. GNH was more achievable due to a strong Buddhist psyche. But with the coming of satellite television,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], there is more consumerism.
"After watching TV for the first time, a woman working at a farm said everyone on TV looks so beautiful. Beauty salons and shops selling cars, electronics, garments and cosmetics have increased after cable TV. Banks have seen a sharp increase in loans. We are moving ahead at an alarming speed and our age-old values are disappearing sooner than we could have imagined. I have documented village customs and traditions which are long gone. Having captured that time, I feel this acute sense of being on a roller coaster. Lunch has been served; dishes are being washed; vegetables for dinner are being chopped. The owner is free to chat now. She says that satellite television has wrought changes that make her uncomfortable. While Korean TV dramas are a big hit among the youth, her relatives prefer Hindi soap operas. we would sit together at home and eat dinner,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], she said. everyone is watching television. The lives of the women in the soaps confound her. seem happy being doormats to their husbands, she continues. woman eats dinner only when the husband has returned home from work, no matter how late. They put up with extra-marital affairs and bad tempers. In the long run, watching these soaps may not be good for the culture that we wish to protect. She is married and has a daughter. There is no pressure on her to bear sons, women inherit property and can re-marry. Little wonder that Indian news reports of dowry deaths and female foeticide seem terrifying.
Kesang Chuki Dorjee is a fellow jury member and film-maker who covered the democratic elections extensively for a documentary. Her latest film was screened at the festival and follows the journey of women leaders at the grassroots. She sits in a cafe, eating her blueberry cheesecake and says: a more positive note,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the Bhutanese are learning about other cultures and the various educational programmes that broaden our horizon. More and more of them are beginning to appreciate the peace and tranquillity that Bhutan offers which is taken for granted until we see the chaos and conflict that seem to pervade the rest of the world. The fifth king travelled extensively around the country encouraging participation in the upcoming democratic exercise,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], speaking mainly to the Bhutanese youth on the need to strive for greater standards. no longer live in a small hidden kingdom. We are very much a part of this new globalised world. But how long will it stay remote and quiet here? A regular customer at the bookshop chips in, worry is not just about outsiders. Newspaper reports about penalties imposed on the Department of Civil Aviation over the non-compliance of environmental regulations for the construction of the airport are disturbing. As economic development in our country surpasses the limits of ecosystems to provide resources; as people protest and demand government accountability, we too need to focus on social and psychological well-being of our people.相关的主题文章：

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